The history of the Rover Vitesse

   

Rover SD1 is the code name given to a series of large executive cars made by British Leyland or BL through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986.
In "SD1", the "SD" refers to "Specialist Division" and "1" is the first car to come from the in-house design team. The range is sometimes wrongly referred to as "SDi" ("i" is commonly used in car nomenclature to identify fuel injection).
In 1971, Rover, at that time a part of the British Leyland (BL) group, began developing a new car to replace the P6 and the Triumph 2000/2500. The designers of both Triumph and Rover submitted plans for the new car, of which the latter was chosen. David Bache was to head the design team, inspired by exotic machinery such as the Ferrari Daytona and the late 1960s design study by Pininfarina for the BMC 1800, which study also guided the design of the Citroën CX. Spen King was responsible for the engineering. The two had previously collaborated on the Range Rover. The project was first code-named RT1 (for Rover Triumph Number 1) but then soon changed to SD1 (for Specialist Division Number 1) as Rover and Triumph were "put" in the new "Specialist Division" of BL.
The new car's design was done with simplicity of manufacture in mind, in contrast to the P6, whose design was rather complicated in areas such as the De Dion-type rear suspension. The SD1 used a well known live rear axle instead. This different approach was chosen because surveys showed that while the automotive press was impressed by sophisticated and revolutionary designs the general buying public was not, unless the results were good. However, with the live rear axle came another retrograde step — the car only used drum brakes at the rear.
Rover's plans to use its then fairly new 2.2 L four-cylinder engine was soon abandoned because BL management ruled that substantially redesigned versions of Triumph's six-cylinder engine were to power the car instead. Rover's legendary V8 was fitted in the engine bay. The automatic gearbox was the Borg Warner 65 model.
The dashboard of the SD1 features an air vent, unusually, directly facing the passenger. The display binnacle sits on top of the dashboard in front of the driver. This was to aid production in left hand drive markets, the air vent doubled as a passage for the steering wheel column and the display binnacle easily sat on top of the dashboard on the left or right hand side of the car.
While an estate body had been envisaged, it did not get past prototype stage. Two similar spec estates survive to this day and are exhibited at the Heritage Motor Centre and the Haynes International Motor Museum respectively. One of these prototypes was used by BL chairman Sir Michael Edwardes as personal transport in the late 1970s.
The SD1 was intended to be produced in a state-of-the-art extension to Rover's historic Solihull factory alongside the TR7. This was largely funded by the Government, who had bailed BL out from bankruptcy in 1975. Unfortunately this did not do anything to improve the patchy build quality that plagued all of British Leyland of the time. That, along with quick-wearing interior materials and poor detailing ensured that initial enthusiasm soon turned to disappointment.
This car was launched on its home market in June 1976 in liftback form only, as the V8 engined Rover 3500: SOHC 2.3 L and 2.6 L sixes followed a year later. The car was warmly received by the press and even received the European Car of the Year award for 1977. Its launch on the European mainland coincided with its appearance at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1977, some three months after the Car of the Year announcement. Unfortunately dealers had no left hand drive cars for sale, however, since production had been blocked by a tool makers' strike affecting several British Leyland plants and a "bodyshell dispute" at the company's Castle Bromwich plant. Closer to home, the car and its design team received The Midlander of the Year Award for 1976, because they had between them done most in the year to increase the prestige of the (English) Midlands region.
Poor construction quality was apparent even in the company's press department fleet. The British magazine Motor published a road test of an automatic 3500 in January 1977, and while keen to highlight the Rover's general excellence, they also reported that the car tested suffered from poor door seals, with daylight visible from inside past the rear door window frame's edge on the left side of the car, and a curious steering vibration at speed which might (or might not) have resulted from the test car's front wheels not having been correctly balanced. Disappointment was recorded that the ventilation outlet directly in front of the driver appeared to be blocked, delivering barely a breeze even when fully open: the writer had encountered this problem on one other Rover 3500, though he had also driven other cars of the same type with an abundant output of fresh air through the vent in question. Nevertheless, in March 1977 Britain's UK Autocar was able to publish an article by Raymond Mays a famous racing driver and team manager during, in particular, the 1930s, 1950s and 1960s, in which Mays explained why, after driving it for 12,000 miles, he considered his Rover 3500 was "the best car he ever had", both for its many qualities as a driver's car and for its excellent fuel economy even when driven hard.
Between 1976 and 1981 there were some very minor updates to the car including new badging (front and rear) and chrome backed door mirrors. Mid 1979 saw the introduction of the then range topping V8-S model with no mechanical alterations, available in a rether bright metallic green (Triton) amongst others with either gold or silver painted alloy wheels depending on the body colour. Interior specification included air-conditioning, thick shag pile carpets, velvet seats and a headlamp wash/wipe system. This now very rare model was replaced in late 1980 with the Vanden Plas model which came with a leather interior as standard.
In 1980, Rover obtained the very expensive US type approval for the SD1 and re-entered the US market, after a ten year absence, but only 800 units were sold. Under US legislation (that first applied to the Citroen DS), the headlamps could not be enclosed in glass.
Major restructuring of BL following the infamous Ryder Report saw the SD1 production line being moved to the former Morris plant in Cowley in 1981. The Solihull plant was turned over to produce Land Rover models, following on from that marque's separation from Rover in 1978. The hugely expensive extension to Solihull – that had been built specifically for the SD1 and Triumph TR7 – was closed.
Early in 1982, Rover unveiled the Cowley-built, facelifted line to the public. These cars benefited mostly from small cosmetic changes on the exterior as well as a quite extensively redesigned interior. Beginning car-spotters can distinguish the two series by the headlights, which were chrome-rimmed and flush fitting on the later, recessed on the earlier series, the deeper rear window now fitted with a rear wash wipe, and the new plastic wrap around bumpers which replaced the three piece rubber and stainless steel ones. Other details, which are not as easy to assign include the full width rear badge strip under the tail lights, engine size badges on front wings, and a range of new wheel trims and alloys wheels. The automatic gearbox was now a GM180 model, still offering three speeds but better ratios. The electric window switch pack moved from the centre console to the drivers door (and is well remembered for lacking edge finishing trim around the recesses), and thankfully a fully automatic choke appeared - eliminating the manual choke lever which had a tendency to break.
It was also the year when SD1 buyers could finally opt for a four-cylinder engine, since the two-litre BL O-Series engine of the Morris Ital was offered. It was definitely not a "shoehorn" job: the engine looked almost as if it could get lost in the huge engine bay designed to accept the V8. The engine was particularly aimed at company-car fleets where its size enabled it to beat a taxation threshold.
Another four-cylinder engine became available in the 90bhp 2400 SD Turbo. This was the only diesel-engined SD1, utilising a motor from Italian VM Motori chosen for its petrol-like smoothness, and similar to that used in the Range Rover Turbo D model. BL had intended for a diesel version of the Rover V8 engine to be used in the SD1 (as well as other models) but the problematic development programme was cancelled in 1983 in favour of engines bought-in from outside manufacturers.
The crown of the SD1 model line-up was created when Rover introduced a 190 bhp (142 kW; 193 PS) fuel injected version of its V8. Borrowing from technologies pioneered in the US and Australian markets (where strict emissions regulations meant the inclusion of high compression carburetted engines wasn't feasible) the new derivative was originally only available in the Vitesse model, however from 1984 onwards, it was also offered in the luxury Vanden Plas range, badged as the Vanden Plas EFi. To meet the demands of the luxury executive car market, where automatic transmission tended to be preferred, Rover first offered an auto box as an option in the Vitesse, but later withdrew that check-box on the order form and lured the customers to the flush Vanden Plas EFi instead. This car had all the standard comforts of the Vitesse, such as electric mirrors, windows and locks, a trip computer, an adjustable steering column and a four-speaker stereo (something special at that time). Additionally it added leather seats, an electrically operated sunroof (available on all models) and cruise control (optional extra, not standard fit). Very rare indeed are the "Twin Plenum" Vitesses; These had two throttle bodies mounted on the plenum chamber instead of one, and were produced in very small numbers as homologation for the twin plenum racers. Today they command a premium over the standard Vitesse although many "Standard" Vitesses have been converted to "TWIN" status.
The car was never marketed as the "SD1". The models produced (throughout the life of the range, not all at once) were known by their engine size.
Rover 2000
Rover 2300
Rover 2300 S
Rover 2300 SE
Rover 2400 SD Turbo
Rover 2600
Rover 2600 S
Rover 2600 SE
Rover 2600 Vanden Plas
Rover 3500
Rover 3500 SE
Rover 3500 Vanden Plas
Rover 3500 Vanden Plas EFi
Rover V8-S
Rover Vitesse
The initial May 1976 launch was for the 3500 only. A little over a year later the 2300 and 2600 were added; the V8-S was a short-lived model introduced later (remembered for its headlamp wipers, gold alloys and the option of metallic bottle green paint), and dropped before the first mild face-lift, after which the range was 2300, 2300 S, 2600 S, 3500 SE and 3500 Vanden Plas. The 2000 appeared at the time of the major facelift, with 2400 SD Turbo, 2600 SE, 2600 Vanden Plas, Vitesse and 3500 Vanden Plas EFi appearing at various times afterwards. At the very end of the life of the car the range was briefly reduced to 2300, 2600 Vanden Plas, and Vitesse (now with a flush chin spoiler, deleted front fog lights, 190 bhp (140 kW) and deleted side graphics)

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